“PROF. Olatunji Dare came back home in 1977. I returned to Ghana in 1979. At the time and through the 1980s, our continent was ruled by military regimes and one-party states, with many presidents-for-life. The only places with some semblance of democratic rule were The Gambia, Botswana and newly independent Zimbabwe. As in Nigeria and Ghana, attempts at multiparty liberal democratic constitutional rule were short-lived. The military intervened – usually brutally — before the last votes in democratic elections were counted.<\/p>\n
In this political atmosphere, the situation of the mass media across the continent was like, as an American scholar, William Hachten, described it with the title of his book, “Muffled Drums”. In terms of the press, Nigeria, Kenya and apartheid South Africa were the only countries with a multiplicity of private press ownership worth talking about. Apartheid was a fascist state where censorship, arbitrary arrest and detention and forced exile of journalists were the norm. There were also government controlled state-owned press in Nigeria and Kenya and journalism generally came under the culture of state repression prevailing everywhere else. Freedom was an alien concept for the authoritarian regimes. The worst was exemplified in Nigeria by the murder of Dele Giwa in (1985\/86?”.<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 is\u00a0 an\u00a0 excerpt\u00a0 from an\u00a0 insightful\u00a0 article by\u00a0 Prof\u00a0 Kwame\u00a0 Karikari.\u00a0 Read\u00a0 the\u00a0 full\u00a0 presentation\u00a0here<\/a><\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","publication-type":[193],"report-category":[],"report-type":[],"class_list":["post-3432","reports","type-reports","status-publish","hentry","publication-type-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reports\/3432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reports"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/reports"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-type?post=3432"},{"taxonomy":"report-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/report-category?post=3432"},{"taxonomy":"report-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.mfwa.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/report-type?post=3432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}